在RedHat及其衍生系统上安装Oracle 11gR1
oracle版本:11.1.0.6.0
redhat版本:RedHat EL4,5 Oracle EL 4,5 CentOS 4,5
安装过程分以下四个步骤
一,安装准备
二,下载安装
三,相关设置
四,常见错误
一,安装准备
1,创建oracle用户
以root用户登录,并创建oracle用户以及所属的dba组
1 2 3 4 5 | su - # groupadd dba # useradd -g dba oracle # mkdir /home/oracle # chown oracle:dba /home/oracle |
2,配置系统参数
编辑 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件并添加下列参数:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 fs.file-max = 6553600 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 net.core.rmem_default = 4194304 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 262144 |
编辑后可以运行“sysctl -p” 生效,或者重启系统
对于redhat 版本4:编辑 /etc/pam.d/login 文件,并添加下行参数:
1 | session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so |
对于redhat 版本5:编辑 /etc/pam.d/login 文件,并添加下行参数:
1 | session required pam_limits.so |
编辑 /etc/security/limits.conf 并添加下行参数:
1 2 3 4 | oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 |
3,创建oracle目录
1 2 3 | # mkdir /opt/oracle # mkdir /opt/oracle/111 # chown -R oracle:dba /opt/oracle |
4,设置oracle环境变量
编辑 /home/oracle/.bash_profile 并添加下列行:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/111 ORACLE_SID=ORCL LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH |
保存后通过下面命令是配置生效
1 2 3 | su - oracle cd /home/oracle . .bash_profile |
二,下载安装
1,下载并安装需要的rpm软件包
检查软件包安装情况:
1 | rpm -q binutils elfutils elfutils-libelf gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel compat-libstdc++-33 cpp make compat-db sysstat libaio libaio-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel|sort |
相应软件包下载地址
RedHat Enterprise Linux 4:ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/4/en/os/i386/SRPMS/
RedHat Enterprise Linux 5:ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/5Server/en/os/SRPMS/
Centos Linux 4:http://centos.arcticnetwork.ca/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/
Centos Linux 5:http://centos.arcticnetwork.ca/5/os/i386/CentOS/
下载后使用rpm -ivh命令安装即可
2,下载oracle 11g
下载地址:http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/index.html
解压软件包
1 | unzip linux_11gR1_database.zip |
3,开始安装
1 2 | cd database ./runInstaller |
三,相关配置
1,自动启动和关闭数据库实例和监听
编辑 /etc/oratab 修改最后参数为“Y”
ORCL:/opt/oracle/111:Y
以root用户在 /etc/init.d/ 目录中创建oracle文件,并添加下列内容
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 | #!/bin/bash # # oracle Init file for starting and stopping # Oracle Database. Script is valid for 10g and 11g versions. # # chkconfig: 35 80 30 # description: Oracle Database startup script # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions ORACLE_OWNER="oracle" ORACLE_HOME="/opt/oracle/111" case "$1" in start) echo -n $"Starting Oracle DB:" su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME" echo "OK" ;; stop) echo -n $"Stopping Oracle DB:" su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME" echo "OK" ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop}" esac |
设置脚本权限和自启动
1 2 | chmod 750 /etc/init.d/oracle chkconfig --add oracle --level 0356 |
2,自动启动和关闭 EM
以root用户在 /etc/init.d 中创建oraemctl 文件,并添加下面内容
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 | #!/bin/bash # # oraemctl Starting and stopping Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control. # Script is valid for 10g and 11g versions. # # chkconfig: 35 80 30 # description: Enterprise Manager DB Control startup script # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions ORACLE_OWNER="oracle" ORACLE_HOME="/opt/oracle/111" case "$1" in start) echo -n $"Starting Oracle EM DB Console:" su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole" echo "OK" ;; stop) echo -n $"Stopping Oracle EM DB Console:" su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole" echo "OK" ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop}" esac |
设置权限和自启动
1 2 | chmod 750 /etc/init.d/oraemctl chkconfig --add oraemctl --level 0356 |
四,常见错误
1,错误:DISPLAY not set. Please set the DISPLAY and try again.
以root用户打开终端或者ssh登录,通过下面命令均可可解决
命令一: export DISPLAY=:0.0
命令二: xhost +
2,错误:error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
安装libaio和libaio-devel软件包,如果仍重复提示错误,以root用户运行”ldconfig“命令可以解决
3,错误:Check complete. The overall result of this check is: Failed <<<< 检查缺失软件包并安装,或者修改系统参数为需要的值