在SUSE上安装oracle 11gR1
系统环境：SUSE 10.3 X86_64 OpenSUSE 10.3 X86_64
oracle版本：11.1.0.6.0
安装过程分以下四个步骤
一，安装准备
二，下载安装
三，相关设置
四，常见错误
一，安装准备
1，创建oracle用户
以root用户登录，并创建oracle用户以及所属的dba组
1 2 3 4 5 | su - # groupadd dba # useradd -g dba oracle # mkdir /home/oracle # chown oracle:dba /home/oracle |
2，配置系统参数
编辑 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件并添加下列参数：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 fs.file-max = 6553600 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 net.core.rmem_default = 4194304 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 262144 |
编辑后可以运行“sysctl -p” 生效，或者重启系统
编辑 /etc/pam.d/login 文件，并添加下行参数：
1 | session required pam_limits.so |
编辑 /etc/security/limits.conf 并添加下行参数：
1 2 3 4 | oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 |
3，创建oracle目录
1 2 3 | # mkdir /opt/oracle # mkdir /opt/oracle/111 # chown -R oracle:dba /opt/oracle |
4，设置oracle环境变量
编辑 /home/oracle/.bash_profile 并添加下列行：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/111 ORACLE_SID=ORCL LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib32 PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH |
保存后通过下面命令是配置生效
1 2 3 | su - oracle cd /home/oracle . .bash_profile |
5，对于opensuse，备份 /etc/SuSe-release 文件并修改原文件为：
1 2 3 | SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 (x86_64) VERSION = 10 PATCHLEVEL = 1 |
二，下载安装
1，检查相应软件包
1 | rpm -qa --qf '%{name}-%{version}-%{release}.%{arch}\n'|egrep 'binutils|compat|glibc|gcc|libstd|cpp|make|ODBC|libaio|ksh|motif|libelf|sysstat'| egrep -v 'avahi|cdrkit|ldap|ssl'|sort |
对于 SLES 10 64位，对应软件包：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 | binutils-2.16.91.0.5-23.20.x86_64 compat-libstdc++-5.0.7-22.2.x86_64 cpp-4.1.2_20070115-0.11.x86_64 gcc-4.1.2_20070115-0.11.x86_64 gcc-c++-4.1.2_20070115-0.11.x86_64 glibc-2.4-31.30.x86_64 glibc-32bit-2.4-31.30.x86_64 glibc-devel-2.4-31.30.x86_64 glibc-devel-32bit-2.4-31.30.x86_64 glibc-i18ndata-2.4-31.30.x86_64 glibc-info-2.4-31.30.x86_64 glibc-locale-2.4-31.30.x86_64 glibc-locale-32bit-2.4-31.30.x86_64 ksh-93r-12.28.x86_64 libaio-0.3.104-14.2.x86_64 libaio-32bit-0.3.104-14.2.x86_64 libaio-devel-0.3.104-14.2.x86_64 libaio-devel-32bit-0.3.104-14.2.x86_64 libelf-0.8.5-47.2.x86_64 libgcc-4.1.2_20070115-0.11.x86_64 libstdc++-4.1.2_20070115-0.11.x86_64 libstdc++-devel-4.1.2_20070115-0.11.x86_64 make-3.80-202.2.x86_64 openmotif-libs-2.2.4-21.12.x86_64 sysstat-6.0.2-16.19.x86_64 unixODBC-32bit-2.2.11-21.4.x86_64 |
对于OpenSUSE 64位系统：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 | binutils-2.17.50.20070726-14.x86_64 compat-libstdc++-5.0.7-86.x86_64 cpp-4.2-24.x86_64 cpp42-4.2.1_20070724-17.x86_64 gcc42-32bit-4.2.1_20070724-17.x86_64 gcc42-4.2.1_20070724-17.x86_64 gcc42-c++-4.2.1_20070724-17.x86_64 glibc-2.6.1-18.x86_64 glibc-32bit-2.6.1-18.x86_64 glibc-devel-2.6.1-18.x86_64 glibc-devel-32bit-2.6.1-18.x86_64 ksh-93s-48.x86_64 libaio-0.3.104-74.x86_64 libaio-32bit-0.3.104-74.x86_64 libaio-devel-0.3.104-74.x86_64 libaio-devel-32bit-0.3.104-74.x86_64 libelf0-0.8.9-17.x86_64 libgcc42-32bit-4.2.1_20070724-17.x86_64 libgcc42-4.2.1_20070724-17.x86_64 libstdc++42-32bit-4.2.1_20070724-17.x86_64 libstdc++42-4.2.1_20070724-17.x86_64 libstdc++42-devel-32bit-4.2.1_20070724-17.x86_64 libstdc++42-devel-4.2.1_20070724-17.x86_64 make-3.81-66.x86_64 openmotif-libs-2.3.0-23.x86_64 sysstat-7.1.6-16.x86_64 unixODBC-32bit-2.2.12-55.x86_64 |
opensuse软件包下载地址：http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/10.3/repo/oss/suse/x86_64/
这些软件包也可以在安装DVD中找到，找到后通过rpm -ivh 安装rpm软件包
对于opensuse软件包需要以root用户做下面操作
1 2 3 | # cd /usr/lib # ln -s gcc-4.2 gcc # ln -s g++-4.2 g++ |
2，下载oracle 11g
下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/index.html
解压软件包
1 2 3 4 5 6 | unzip linux_11gR1_database.zip 3，开始安装 <pre lang="bash" line="1">cd database ./runInstaller |
注意：对于opensuse 10.3 在系统检查中出现：”Checking operating system package requirements 失败提示
选择 “User verified” 后跳过即可
三，相关配置
1，自动启动和关闭数据库实例和监听
编辑 /etc/oratab 修改最后参数为“Y”
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 | ORCL:/opt/oracle/111:Y 以root用户在 /etc/init.d/ 目录中创建oracle文件，并添加下列内容 <pre lang="bash" line="1">#! /bin/bash # # # /etc/init.d/oracle # # ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: oracle # Required-Start: $network # Required-Stop: $network # Default-Start: 3 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 2 6 # Description: Oracle Database startup script ### END INIT INFO ORACLE_OWNER="oracle" ORACLE_HOME="/opt/oracle/111" case "$1" in start) echo -n $"Starting Oracle DB:" su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME" echo "OK" ;; stop) echo -n $"Stopping Oracle DB:" su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME" echo "OK" ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop}" esac |
设置脚本权限和自启动
1 2 | chmod 750 /etc/init.d/oracle chkconfig --add oracle --level 0356 |
2，自动启动和关闭 EM
以root用户在 /etc/init.d 中创建oraemctl 文件，并添加下面内容
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 | #! /bin/bash # # # /etc/init.d/oraemctl # # ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: oraemctl # Required-Start: $network # Required-Stop: $network # Default-Start: 3 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 2 6 # Description: Starting and stopping Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control ### END INIT INFO ORACLE_OWNER="oracle" ORACLE_HOME="/opt/oracle/111" case "$1" in start) echo -n $"Starting Oracle EM DB Console:" su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole" echo "OK" ;; stop) echo -n $"Stopping Oracle EM DB Console:" su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole" echo "OK" ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop}" esac |
设置权限和自启动
1 2 | chmod 750 /etc/init.d/oraemctl chkconfig --add oraemctl --level 0356 |
3，对于恢复 /etc/SuSE-release的备份文件
四，常见错误
1，错误：DISPLAY not set. Please set the DISPLAY and try again.
以root用户打开终端或者ssh登录，通过下面命令均可可解决
命令一： export DISPLAY=:0.0
命令二： xhost +
2，错误：error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
安装libaio和libaio-devel软件包，如果仍重复提示错误，以root用户运行”ldconfig“命令可以解决
