1.命令简介
dd 的主要选项：
指定数字的地方若以下列字符结尾乘以相应的数字:
b=512, c=1, k=1024, w=2, xm=number m
if=file #输入文件名，缺省为标准输入。
of=file #输出文件名，缺省为标准输出。
ibs=bytes #一次读入 bytes 个字节(即一个块大小为 bytes 个字节)。
obs=bytes #一次写 bytes 个字节(即一个块大小为 bytes 个字节)。
bs=bytes #同时设置读写块的大小为 bytes ，可代替 ibs 和 obs 。
cbs=bytes #一次转换 bytes 个字节，即转换缓冲区大小。
skip=blocks #从输入文件开头跳过 blocks 个块后再开始复制。
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硬件读取引导扇区
加载LILO或者grub
加载内核
挂装根文件系统
启动/sbin/init ，一切进程的“祖父”
读取/etc/inittab文件
读取rc.sysinit文件
读取/etc/fstab文件
运行rcX.d下的文件（文件都是init.d下的符号链接）
其中有一个xinetd 的超级进程，调用/etc/xinetd.conf 配置文件，从配置文件中知道读/etc/xinetd.d 文件，结束后调用Miggetty
读取/etc/rc.d/rc.local文件
1、得到数据库名和创建日期
SELECT name, created, log_mode, open_mode FROM v$database;
2、ORACLE数据库的计算机的主机名，ORACLE数据库的实例名及ORACLE数据库管理系统的版本信息
SELECT host_name, instance_name, version FROM v$instance;
3、为了知道oracle数据库版本的一些特殊信息
select * from v$version;
4、获取控制文件名字
select * from v$controlfile;
Linux kernel hacking and test running on the same machine becomes a major pain. This tutorial explains how to separate the two easily for a quick code-and-test loop. This tutorial explains how to setup a Linux thin client that boots using PXE by pulling a remote Linux kernel image and mounting a remote root file system over NFS. This is only possible if your client machine has a network card that supports this (do you remember seeing some type of option like press N to boot from network just after posting?). I am using Fedora Core 5 as my server, so some of the details may be specific to FC.
Most of the details of setting up the PXE boot server were found at Setting up a PXE-Boot Server.
1) yum install tftp-server dhcp
Make sure you have an NFS server.
2) create /etc/dhcpd.conf
继续阅读 »
PXELINUX is a SYSLINUX derivative, for booting Linux off a network server, using a network ROM conforming to the Intel PXE (Pre-Execution Environment) specification. PXELINUX is not a program that is intended to be flashed or burned into a PROM on the network card; if you want that, check out Etherboot ( http://www.etherboot.org/).
If you want to create PXE-compliant boot PROM for your network card (to use with PXELINUX, for example), check out NetBoot (http://netboot.sourceforge.net/).
PXELINUX operates in many ways like SYSLINUX. If you are not familiar with SYSLINUX, read the SYSLINUX FAQ first, since this documentation only explains the differences.
This documents how to setup a PXE boot server for Linux. This assumes that you’re using Redhat/FC as the PXE boot server. The vast majority of the information has been obtained from the following webpages:
http://dev.brantleyonline.com/wiki/index.php/General_Network_%28PXE%29_Booting
http://dev.brantleyonline.com/wiki/index.php/PXE_Booting_-_Fedora_Core
0) The first thing to note is that you need to setup your own mini-network that is completely disconnected from the network, since part of this process requires setting up a DHCP server which could conflict with the corporate DHCP server if they were both running on the same network simultaneously. So get yourself a switch from IT up front. You do *NOT* need the switch immediately, so just put it aside until I mention it again
later on.
1) The next step is to choose a box to be the PXE boot server. This can really be any box at all, as long as you have a NIC in it that works reliably under Linux. For the purposes of this documentation, I’m going to assume that you’ve loaded Fedora Core 4 on this box (do that now, if you’ve not already). Get this box onto the network with DHCP (just like a normal installation).
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1. 2. 3. class GetMacAddress { 4. var $return_array = array(); 5. var $mac_addr; 6. 7. function _construct($os_type) { 8. switch (strtolower($os_type)) { 9. case "linux": 10. $this->forLinux(); 11. break; 12. default: 13. $this->forWindows(); 14. break; 15. } 16. 17. $temp_array = array(); 18. foreach ($this->return_array as $value) { 19. if (preg_match(”/[0-9a-f][0-9a-f][:-]“.”[0-9a-f][0-9a-f][:-]“.”[0-9a-f][0-9a-f][:-]” 20. .”[0-9a-f][0-9a-f][:-]“.”[0-9a-f][0-9a-f][:-]“.”[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]/i”, $value, $temp_array)) { 21. $this->mac_addr = $temp_array[0]; 22. break; 23. } 24. } 25. 26. unset($temp_array); 27. return $this->mac_addr; 28. } 29. 30. function forWindows() { 31. @exec(”ipconfig /all”, $this->return_array); 32. 33. if ($this->return_array) { 34. return $this->return_array; 35. } else { 36. $ipconfig = $_SERVER["SystemRoot"].”\system32\ipconfig.exe”; 37. if (is_file($ipconfig)) { 38. @exec($ipconfig.” /all”, $this->return_array); 39. } else { 40. @exec($_SERVER["WINDIR"].”\system\ipconfig.exe /all”, $this->return_array); 41. } 42. return $this->return_array; 43. } 44. } 45. 46. function forLinux() { 47. @exec(”ifconfig -a”, $this->return_array); 48. return $this->return_array; 49. } 50. } 51. 52. $mac = new GetMacAddress(null); 53. echo $mac->mac_addr; 54. 55. ?> |
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